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U Unit 1 Section A

Grammar: Present Forms
A. Simple Present C. Simple Present Perfect

for repeated/habitual actions for an action which started in the past and has just
I go jogging on Sundays. finished. He has just finished his homework.

for permanent situations or states for actions which happened in the past without referring
I work very hard. to time but are relevant to the present
Jane has bought a new dress for her birthday party
for general statements of truth and laws of nature next weekend.
The sun rises in the east.
for a period of time that continues from the past until
for series of actions or events which are completed as
we speak or write now (usually with stative verbs and for/since)
e.g. commentaries/reviews/summaries of plays or stories/ James has known Mary since he was young.
instructions/directions/newspaper headlines/processes with today, this morning, this evening, etc. when
Wilson passes to Smith, Smith shoots .... and scores.
these periods have not finished at the time of speaking
with the expressions: We haven't seen Simon today.
Here comes ...... and There goes
to say that something has happened once or several
for schedules times up to the present
The train leaves at 6. I’ve visited California several times.
with stative verbs: see, hear, taste, smell, believe, need etc. after superlatives and expressions such as:
The soup tastes good. This/It is the first/second time etc.
It is the first time I have been to this country.
B. Present Continuous
This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
for actions happening now, at the moment of speaking or D. Present Perfect Continuous
around a particular time of speaking
What are you doing now? I am studying.
for an action which started in the past and is still going
for actions which we have arranged to happen in the near on up to the present
future (tomorrow, next week/weekend, next month) He has been working here for ten years / since 2006.
He is taking exams next week.
for an action which finished a short time ago but its
results are clearly seen or felt at the moment of speaking
for developing and changing situations
We'd better go now. It is getting colder and colder. Your clothes are dirty.
Have you been playing in the mud?
for repeated actions with always, continually, constantly to say how long something has been happening
expressing the speaker's annoyance or irritation How long have you been learning English?
He is always dropping things.

Exercises

A. Complete the sentences below using the Simple Present or Present Continuous.
tastes
0) They are planning to go abroad next month. (plan) 4) This cheese pie awful.
don't like
is working
1) Sandra for a small company I it. (taste/not like)
for the time being. (work)
prefers
5) She tea to coffee. (prefer)
are always criticising
don't know
2) You your friends. I
is thinking
are doing
why you this. 6) He of buying a new car
(always criticise/not know/do) next month. (think)
is
getting used
are having
3) Don't disturb them. They 7) Emily gradually
dinner. (have) to living in the city. (get used)

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